Why lawyers, investment analysts, strategy consultants and senior executives struggle with models

https://keegansuniquechat.lucialpiazzale.com/how-a-global-software-division-scrapped-20-page-memos-for-2-line-blufs

They make decisions where being wrong costs money and reputation. Yet many freeze or make poor calls when faced with models. What do we mean by "models"? It covers mental models, statistical models, financial models, and machine learning models